Shaders in Unity II

Posterize function in Shader

            // equal to what's done in c# to round numbers with x decimals
            float PosterizeF(float value, float steps) 
            {
                // rounds value to the nearest integer not greater than value
                return floor(value * steps) / steps;
            }

            float PosterizeR(float value, float steps)
            {
                // rounds value to the nearest integer
                return round(value * steps) / steps;
            }

            float3 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                float2 uv = i.uv0;
                float3 colorA = float3(1, 0, 0);
                float3 output = PosterizeF(uv.yyy, 8);

                return float3(output * colorA);
	}

Various exercises

Properties
    {
        // base texture
        _MainTex("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
        // second texture to tween
        _SecondTex("Second Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
        // tint color
        _Tint("Tint", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        // slider to tween the textures
        _Tween("Tween", Range(0,1)) = 0
    }

    SubShader
    {
        // indicates that it gets rendered after all opaque objects
        Tags {"Queue"="Transparent"}

        Pass
        {
            // uses the alpha of the texture
            // This syntax is: Blend SrcFactor DstFactor
            // Blend is off by default
            // The color generated by frag is multiplied by SrcFactor (in this case the alpha)
            // if alpha is 0, generated col doesn't display (multiplied by 0)
            // the color that's already on screen gets multiplied by (1 - SrcAlpha)
            // if alpha is 0, DstCol alpha's 1
            // then they get added together
            Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha
 
            sampler2D _MainTex;
            sampler2D _SecondTex;
            float4 _MainTex_ST;
            float4 _Tint;
            float _Tween;

            float4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                // multiplies the uv, tiling the texture
                float2 tiledUv = i.uv * 2;

                // defines both textures to the uv
                float4 mainCol = tex2D(_MainTex, tiledUv);
                float4 secondCol = tex2D(_SecondTex, tiledUv);
                // tweens between those with a lerp, _Tween as t
                float4 tweenCol = lerp(mainCol, secondCol, _Tween);

                // tints a texture
                float4 tintedTexture = mainCol * _Tint;

                // tints the texture with the uv color
                float4 uvTintedTexture = float4(mainCol * tiledUv, 0, mainCol.a);

                // calculates the luminance value for each pixel of a texture
                float luminance = float((mainCol.r * 0.22) + (mainCol.g * 0.72) + (mainCol.b * 0.06));
                // assigns the calculated pixel to each channel of the desaturated texture
                float4 desaturatedTexture = float4(luminance, luminance, luminance, mainCol.a);

                return desaturatedTexture;
            }

Post-process with Shader

// so when can debug the effect without playing
[ExecuteInEditMode]
public class Effects : MonoBehaviour
{
    // material that's going to be used to assign effects
    // the RenderTexture of the camera will go to _MainTex
    [SerializeField] Material fxMat;

    // called after all rendering is complete
    // used for post-processing
    // takes the source texture (rendered image)
    // and a destination (where it's rendered, for example the screen)
    void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination)
    {
        // takes the source texture, and copies it to the destination
        // using a material to do some processing first
        Graphics.Blit(source, destination, fxMat);
    }
}